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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tissue hydration</span></span>
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<p><b>Tissue hydration</b> is the process of absorbing and retaining <a href="Water" title="Water">water</a> in <a href="Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">biological tissues</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plants">Plants</h2></div>
<p>Land plants maintain adequate tissue hydration by means of an outer waterproof layer. In soft or green tissues, this is usually a waxy <a href="Plant_cuticle" title="Plant cuticle">cuticle</a> over the outer <a href="Epidermis_(botany)" title="Epidermis (botany)">epidermis</a>. In older, <a href="Wood" title="Wood">woody</a> tissues, waterproofing chemicals are present in the secondary <a href="Cell_wall" title="Cell wall">cell wall</a> that limit or inhibit the flow of water. <a href="Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Vascular plants</a> also possess an internal <a href="Vascular_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular system">vascular system</a> that distributes fluids throughout the plant.
</p><p>Some <a href="Xerophyte" title="Xerophyte">xerophytes</a>, such as <a href="Cactus" title="Cactus">cacti</a> and other desert plants, have mucilage in their tissues. This is a sticky substance that holds water within the plant, reducing the rate of dehydration. Some <a href="Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a> and <a href="Spore" title="Spore">spores</a> remain dormant until adequate moisture is present, at which time the seed or spore begins to germinate.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animals">Animals</h2></div>
<p>Animals maintain adequate tissue hydration by means of (1) an outer <a href="Skin" title="Skin">skin</a>, <a href="Exoskeleton" title="Exoskeleton">shell</a>, or <a href="Cuticle" title="Cuticle">cuticle</a>; (2) a fluid-filled <a href="Coelom" title="Coelom">coelom</a> cavity; and (3) a <a href="Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">circulatory system</a>.
</p><p>Hydration of fat free tissues, ratio of total body water to fat free body mass, is stable at 0.73 in mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In humans, a significant drop in tissue hydration can lead to the medical condition of <a href="Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a>. This may result from loss of water itself, loss of electrolytes, or a loss of blood plasma. Administration of <a href="Hydrational_fluid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrational fluid">hydrational fluids</a> as part of sound <a href="Fluid_replacement" title="Fluid replacement">dehydration management</a> is necessary to avoid severe complications, and in some cases, death.
</p><p>Some invertebrates are able to survive extreme <a href="Desiccation" title="Desiccation">desiccation</a> of their tissues by entering a state of <a href="Cryptobiosis" title="Cryptobiosis">cryptobiosis</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Osmoregulation" title="Osmoregulation">Osmoregulation</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFKemp2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kemp, Arika D.; et al. (December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3685442">"Effects of tissue hydration on nanoscale structural morphology and mechanics of individual Type I collagen fibrils in the Brtl mouse model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta"</a>. <i>Journal of Structural Biology</i>. <b>180</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">428–</span>438. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jsb.2012.09.012">10.1016/j.jsb.2012.09.012</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3685442">3685442</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23041293">23041293</a>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNobelCavelierAndrade" class="citation journal cs1">Nobel, Park S.; Cavelier, Jaime; Andrade, Jose Luis. "Mucilage in Cacti: Its Apoplastic Capacitance, Associated Solutes, and Influence on Tissue Water Relations". <i>Journal of Experimental Botany</i>. <b>43</b> (250).</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHeymsfieldBaumgartnerPietrobelliWang1999" class="citation journal cs1">Heymsfield, Steven B.; Baumgartner, Richard N.; Pietrobelli, Angelo; Wang, Wei; Deurenberg, Paul; Wang, ZiMian (1999-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F69.5.833">"Hydration of fat-free body mass: review and critique of a classic body-composition constant"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>. <b>69</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">833–</span>841. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F69.5.833">10.1093/ajcn/69.5.833</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9165">0002-9165</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10232621">10232621</a>.</cite></span>
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